INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: However, the noninvasive liver injury evaluation indicators of adverse liver outcomes, such as NASH and advanced liver fibrosis, HOMA-IR calculated using fasting insulin, prediabetes assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin measurements, and the important indicator C-reactive protein (CRP) were not totally available in these studies, making it difficult to accurately reflect the situation in patients.