The relatively smaller efficacy of NIVO + IPI or NIVO + Chemo at tumor-cell PD-L1 < 1% suggests that tumor-cell PD-L1 expression might be one of the predictors of response; however, the magnitude of efficacy did not increase in patients with higher tumor-cell PD-L1 expression levels (≥ 1%, ≥ 5%, ≥ 10%). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.