ACE and acute kidney injury: Also, the significant risk factors for AKI are present in chronic kidney disease (4.02-fold of relative risk), loop diuretics use (1.85-fold), potassium-sparing diuretics use (1.68-fold), diabetes (1.51-fold), congestive heart failure (1.39-fold), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers use (1.39-fold) and older age (1.07-fold) [7].