STAT3 and inflammatory bowel disease: The activation of STAT3 is crucial for mucosal repair in innate immunity45 and the activation of macrophages.46 The JAK-STAT3 pathway is often considered to be a pro-inflammatory signaling pathway in IBD,47 and inhibitors of JAK2 have been approved for clinical treatment of UC.48 JAK-STAT3 signaling may play diverse function depending on the microenvironment conditions.