APP and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: Xiong et al. [69] found that activated HSCs in NASH mouse model not only produce ECM components, but also secrete multitudinous signal protein molecules, called “stellakines,” such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), CC chemokines (such as CCL2, CCL11), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, also known as CSF1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, also called CCN2), and CXC chemokines (such as CXCL1, CXCL10) (Figure 2).