TFF1 and neoplasm: TFF1 is involved in maintaining the structure and function of the gastric mucosa, protecting it against damage, inhibiting gastric acid secretion, and stimulating mucosal cell proliferation.[52,53] Shi et al[54] found that miR-632 could improve tube formation and recruitment of endothelial cells by negatively regulating the expression of TFF1 in GC cells, and the upregulation of TFF1 in para-cancerous tissues might be associated with its function in tumor suppression.