In obese individuals, three CpG loci in FYN were hypermethylated, while obesity was significantly associated with hypomethylation of the CpG loci in TAOK3 and PIWIL4. Each 1% increase in TAOK3 methylation was associated with a 0.91-fold decrease in the odds of obesity, while a 1% increase in FYN CpG3 methylation was associated with a 1.03-fold increase in the odds of obesity [22]. This evidence concerns the gene PIWIL4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.