The results showed that high levels of HbA1c (HR = 1.112, 95% CI: 1.006–1.228, P = 0.038), sdIDL-C (HR = 1.052, 95% CI: 1.037–1.066, P < 0.001), NGAL (HR = 1.006, 95% CI: 1.005–1.008, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for MACCE in T2DM patients aged ≥ 65 years (Table 3). Here, LCN2 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.