NFKB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Some studies have also suggested that men is an independent risk factor for late recurrence and tried to explain this gender difference by sex hormones, the use of estrogen reduced the occurrence of HCC, estrogen inhibits the anti-inflammatory effects of NF-κB pathway and can inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn affects the regulation of oxidative and stress pathways in carcinogenesis [46, 47].