TBCE and coinfection: As seen in Fig. 8C and Supplementary Video 3, E. coli displays a free-flowing behavior within sinusoids in co-infected group, while they were almost instantaneously arrested in mice which are not challenged with Plasmodium. Also, the rate of KCs—regardless their reminiscent number—that were able to engulf bacteria was significantly lower in co-infection group as compared to Plasmodium only challenged group (Fig. 8D).