The same model (Figure 4A–C) showed that postbiotics of L. brevis found in the supernatant after 16 h of growth can also significantly downregulate at both tested concentrations the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 and upregulate the expression of anti inflammatory cytokine TGF-β after infection with H. pylori. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and infection.