IL15 and cancer: This examination involved fifteen blood samples from patients with lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, or other types of cancers, with a total number of 30,000-100,000 PD-1+CD8+ T cells being sorted from 1×107 of PBMC followed by continuous culturing in a medium supplemented with anti-CD3/anti-28, IL-7/IL-15, and the three TLR agonists.