PAX1 and cancer: Higher DNA methylation levels of PAX1 were observed in most kinds of cancer cells (Lai et al., 2008; Huang et al., 2010; Cheng et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2017; Su et al., 2019; Tang et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2020; Singh et al., 2022), significantly strengthened the observation that PAX1 often acts as a tumor suppressor.