CD4 and cancer: As shown in our study, COL11A1 had a negative correlation with immune cells (B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages) in the TME, but showed a positive correlation with CAFs and endothelial cells, which was consistent with the results indicating that overexpression of COL11A1 was only observed in CAF-enriched areas of different cancers and was associated with poorer prognosis (36, 37).