A case study revealed that a germline missense mutation (G572V) in the TLR8 gene in identical male twins, led to reduced TLR8 protein levels in monocytes and granulocytes and increased TLR7 signaling, which caused severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia and autoinflammation (57). The gene discussed is TLR8; the disease is autoimmune hemolytic anemia.