Antimalaria drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ), are small molecule inhibitors that are known to act as a TLR9, and to a lesser extend as TLR7 and TLR8, antagonist, and are currently used as monotherapy or in conjunction with other therapies for the treatment of SLE, rheumatoid arthritis and SS (140). The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.