IL1B and intestinal obstruction: ICH significantly increases the intestinal inflammatory response by increasing the release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, activating intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and other chemokines, including MCP-1 and CCL-5, MPO activity, and IL-1β concentration in the peripheral circulation, initiating the infiltration of inflamed cells into the intestine, leading to delayed small bowel motility and bowel obstruction (94–97).