Among them, CAR T cells targeting the B lymphocyte antigen CD19 (Novartis’s tisagenlecleucel) showed exceptional success with a 83% overall remission rate in 63 patients with relapsed or refractory B cell precursor ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of ALL, marking a historic first approval for CAR T cell therapy (30). Here, PPIB is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.