This signaling pathway dampens T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and CD28 signaling for T cell activation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-2 (IL-2), suppressing the cytotoxic effect on tumor cells (13, 14). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.