CASP1 and infection: NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3) was found to be the most significantly upregulated PRR on the macrophage after infection, which recognizes C. albicans hyphae in mice (50) and forms NLRP3 inflammasome with ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein) to controls caspase-1 mediated cleavage of pro-IL1β (65).