Moreover, NRP1/mdm2-targeted d-peptide supramolecular nanodrugs have been shown to be highly effective and less toxic for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, with strong anti-cancer activity against SK-Hep-1 cells in vitro and in vivo, without significant host toxicity, making them a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (101). This evidence concerns the gene NRP1 and cancer.