LMP1 promotes AP-1, JAK-STAT and NF-κB signaling mediated activation of PD-L1 (279–281), suggesting that LMP1-mediated signaling might also be a key player in the immune escape strategy in cancers that express LMP1 (e.g. NPC, cHLs and DLBCLs). Here, NFKB1 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.