While one group suggested the cells in their model were Tr1 cells and not IL-10-producing effectors based on the absence of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17a mRNA expression (136), recent single-cell RNA sequencing experiments in a mouse model of malaria revealed an emergence of Tr1-like cells from the Th1 lineage, but the transcriptomic profile between Th1 cells and Tr1-like cells were nearly identical, with only two genes besides Il10 being differentially expressed between the two cell subsets (137, 138). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and malaria.