In a previous study, human serpins α1-PI, serpinB1, and secretory leukocyte inhibitor (SLPI) blocked NSPs, particularly NE, which reduced inflammation-related severity and excessive elastase-induced tissue damage in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Kelly-Robinson et al., 2021). The gene discussed is SERPINB1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.