Sun et al. (2018) reported that miR-124 inhibits STAT3 to reduce IL-6 production and TNF-α-converting enzyme to inhibit TNF-α release in response to LPS. Lower levels of miR-124 and higher levels of STAT3 promote inflammation and disease pathogenesis. miR-124 expression is increased in pulmonary TB patients. miR-124 negatively regulates multiple TLR signaling components, including TLR6, MyD88, TNF-α, and TRAF6, implying an underlying negative feedback loop between miR-124 and TLR signaling to prevent excessive inflammation (Wang S. et al., 2018). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis.