HMGB1 promotes the proliferation and activation of HSCs to promote liver fibrosis during SSLF progression, and high levels of HMGB1 at the injury site recruit fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells to promote tissue injury repair (Vicentino et al., 2018; Chen H. et al., 2021). Here, HMGB1 is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.