In the present study, we investigated the effects of a novel HIIT-protocol combing rowing and cycling on insulin sensitivity determined by the gold-standard hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, VO2max, body composition and substrate metabolism as well as adherence in obese men with type 2 diabetes, and whether these effects were attenuated compared with glucose-tolerant obese and lean glucose-tolerant men. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.