TGFB1 and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: In addition to proinflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TGF-β, growth, and differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5), GDF-6, IL-4, and IL-10, can also be observed in IDD patients, which can promote IVD repair and relieve pain symptoms to a certain extent [173, 176].