TGFB1 and prostate cancer: However, the functional role of TMEM158 downregulation in prostate cancer awaits for further investigation, although the oncogenic roles of TMEM158 overexpression were reported previously through diverse mechanisms, including promoting TGF-β signaling (14), stimulating STAT3 activity (13) or activating PI3K/AKT pathway (10), in other types of human cancers.