In addition, our findings may also expand on the implications for where the metastasis has expanded and implications for other types of cancer (54, 55), since previous studies have shown that the L1CAM is expressed in other types of cancer such as breast cancer, which is also a major primary lesion of brain metastases, and the L1CAM promotes breast cancer cell adhesion and migration in vitro (56, 57). Here, L1CAM is linked to breast cancer.