In the second line, ramucirumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, can be administered as a single agent or in combination with taxane (5, 7), and the programmed death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) pembrolizumab is approved for patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSH) tumours (9). Here, KDR is linked to neoplasm.