CSF3 and cancer: For example, the increased NLR in the blood of these patients is facilitated by elevated levels of various interleukins and G-CSF, which stimulate granulopoiesis (30), ICAM-1 expression is induced by inflammation and associated with worse prognosis in NSCLC and other cancers likely by facilitating the metastatic cascade (31), while the therapeutic relevance of elevated VEGF in the circulation is reflected by the success of bevacizumab and other angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of metastatic NSCLC (32).