VCAM1 and atherosclerosis: Nrf2 improves endothelial function by resisting oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, thereby delaying atherosclerosis (245); and treatment with sulforaphane, a dietary antioxidant, activates Nrf2 and suppresses p38–VCAM-1 signaling, and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent or reduce atherosclerosis (237).