MAPK8 and central nervous system cancer: Moreover, PPVI can be used in a variety of tumor cells such as osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioma by regulating ROS/JNK(Yuan et al., 2019), Fas death pathway and mitochondria-dependent pathway (Liu et al., 2018), and JNK/P38 (Liu et al., 2020).