Similarly, it was confirmed that baseline tumor immune cell infiltration status could not predict responses to anti-CTLA-4 therapy for the following reasons: unlike anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, which mainly acted on the tumor cells, anti-CTLA-4 therapy acts on T cells of the body, and the immune microenvironment in the tumor region might not be the best predictor of responses to anti-CTLA-4 therapy (Huang et al., 2011). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.