VASH1 and vibrio infectious disease: cholerae. However, the isolated strains contain other virulent genes like vasA (100%), vasK (100%), vasH (82.76%), vcsN2 (20.69%), vcsC2, and vopF (24.14%), and chxA (44.83%) that are associated with cholera or cholera-like diarrhea by ctx-independent mechanism (Park et al., 2004; Dziejman et al., 2005; Kostakioti et al., 2005; Alam et al., 2011; Shin et al., 2011; Awasthi et al., 2013).