Various signaling pathways, including HIF, VEGF, Wnt, Notch-Sox, and Semaphorin, are activated in ROP (Chen et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2014; Hartnett, 2015; Yang et al., 2015; Kim et al., 2016; Ramshekar and Hartnett, 2021). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is retinopathy of prematurity.