FXR activation improves lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in Zucke (fa/fa) obese rats, ob/ob mice, and db/db diabetic mice (Cariou et al., 2006; Cipriani et al., 2010), suggesting that FXR agonists could be used in the treatment of diet-induced T2DM as a pharmaceutical strategy. This evidence concerns the gene NR1H4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.