CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Immunotherapy (IO) has revolutionized the treatment landscape of NSCLC, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), including the T lymphocyte receptor CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4), programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors (Horvath et al., 2020).