FNDC5 and neoplasm: Numerous studies have demonstrated that FNDC5 exerts differential effects on tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis in breast, lung, and liver cancer through multiple mechanisms (Kuloglu et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018; Nowinska et al., 2019; Pazgan-Simon et al., 2020; Cebulski et al., 2022; Taken et al., 2022).