PKM and hepatocellular carcinoma: Xu et al. (2017) demonstrated that a bioactive flavone (chrysin) from plant extracts promoted cell apoptosis through HK-2 suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, significant inhibition in glucose uptake and lactate release was promoted by curcumin across the 4 cell lines: lung (H1299), breast (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), and prostate (PC3). The authors conjectured that the Warburg effect inhibition was crucial for cell death, with the aid of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) down-regulation promoted by 20 μM of curcumin (Siddiqui et al., 2018).