EGF and hepatocellular carcinoma: Rg3 was found to significantly reduce the expression of EGF, EGF receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated ERK1/2, and HIF-1α, indicating that it reduces the expression of NHE1 through overall inhibition of the EGF-EGFR-ERK1/2-HIF-α signaling pathway in HCC (Li et al., 2018).