Ginseng-derived nanoparticles can reprogram tumor-associated macrophages in colon cancer to increase CCL5 and CXCL9 secretion and recruitment of CD8+ T cells into the tumor bed; these nanoparticles synergized with PD-1 mAb therapy with no detected systemic toxicity (Han et al., 2022b). Here, CXCL9 is linked to neoplasm.