ADRB2 and ulcerative colitis: Previous studies reported that acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis was alleviated using carvedilol, a β-and α1- AR blocker (Fatani et al., 2015), and nebivolol, a highly selective β1-AR antagonist with a weak β2-AR antagonistic effect and a β3-AR agonism (Aly Labib et al., 2016).