Interestingly, previous research has linked kaempferol’s anti-tumour effect to Bcl-2 family proteins that regulate the endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, which can downregulate Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 while increasing Bax protein expression (Imran et al., 2019; Zhu and Xue, 2019; Afroze et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene BCL2 and neoplasm.