CASP3 and neoplasm: Levels of the active form of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, were significantly increased at 24 and 72 h after h4#147D administration (Figure 3(m)), suggesting that apoptosis was induced in h4#147D-treated tumors and that the observed tumor shrinkage in h4#147D-treated xenograft mice would therefore have been induced by apoptotic cell death with caspase-3 activation via activation of JNK, p38MAPK, and SMAD signals.