TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Landmark proteomics studies on post-mortem brain extracts from FTLD and ALS patients in 2006 uncovered TDP-43 as a key protein associated with FTLD, specifically ubiquitin-positive but tau- and alpha-synuclein negative FTLD (Arai et al., 2006; Neumann et al., 2006).