TBCB and giant axonal neuropathy: In our study, silencing or overexpressing TBCB induced the synchronous change in MT plus-ends (Figure 3), which both led to the disorder of processes formation: the former impeded the formation or growth of astrocyte processes and the latter enhanced the formation or growth of astrocyte processes in the abnormal shapes with expanding basal parts and obtuse tips (Figure 2D; Supplementary Figure 2L, arrows), like the enlargement of the neuron axon in Giant Axonal Neuropathy (Ganay et al., 2011).