TNF and colitis: The results of this study revealed that the experimental induction of colitis using DSS markedly upregulated the expression by 3.3 folds change for NF-kB than the control group (Fig. 4) and induced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the serum levels of TNFα (116.91 ± 3.74), INFγ (148.03 ± 6.37), and IL-1β (1931.55 ± 44.91) in comparison to the control group; TNFα (65.12 ± 1.322), INFγ (51.57 ± 51.57), and Il-1β (1309.65 ± 28.02), respectively as shown in Fig. 5.