PBRM1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: First, in the TCGA bulk RNA-seq analysis of ccRCC, the HIF metagene score correlated with mutation in PBRM1 (polybromo 1) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), both of which have been associated previously with HIF activation (Brugarolas et al., 2003; Gao et al., 2017; Hudson et al., 2002; Treins et al., 2002).