Independently, CIC and ERF have previously been reported to promote malignant phenotypes, including tumor growth and metastasis in multiple human cancer subsets (Bettegowda et al., 2011; Bose et al., 2017; Choi et al., 2015; Huang et al., 2017; Kawamura-Saito et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2018; Bunda et al., 2019; Okimoto et al., 2019; Okimoto et al., 2017; Simón-Carrasco et al., 2017; Wong et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene ERF and cancer.