Elevated PTH concentration with normal albumin-adjusted total serum calcium and normal ionized calcium; exclusion of renal failure (GFR < 60 mL/min), vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 ng/mL), medication effect, hypercalciuria, gastrointestinal and malabsorptive diseases. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is Renal insufficiency.